First-Trimester Serum Kisspeptin-10 Levels as a Predictor of Spontaneous Abortion: A Prospective Cohort Study: Serum Kisspeptin-10 in Early Pregnancy Loss

Bilal Efe; Emin Üstünyurt; Tayfur Çift; Muzaffer Temur; Engin Korkmazer

doi:10.28982/josam.8503

Authors

Bilal Efe Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0944-0768
Emin Üstünyurt Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5602-6785
Tayfur Çift Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-9343
Muzaffer Temur Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9388-3882
Engin Korkmazer Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8318-2329

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.8503

Keywords:

spontaneous abortion, kisspeptin-10, early pregnancy, biomarker

Abstract

Background/Aim: Spontaneous abortion remains a common complication of early pregnancy, and biomarkers reflecting placental function may improve risk assessment after fetal cardiac activity has been confirmed. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of first-trimester serum kisspeptin-10 levels for spontaneous abortion in pregnancies with confirmed fetal cardiac activity.

Methods: This prospective observational study included singleton pregnancies between 7 and 12 weeks of gestation with documented fetal cardiac activity. Serum kisspeptin-10 concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pregnancies resulting in spontaneous abortion before 20 weeks were compared with randomly selected controls whose pregnancies progressed beyond 20 weeks. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of spontaneous abortion.

Results: Among 463 eligible pregnancies, 30 resulted in spontaneous abortion, and 60 controls were selected from pregnancies progressing beyond 20 weeks. Mean serum kisspeptin-10 levels were significantly lower in the spontaneous abortion group than in controls (0.73 (0.67) ng/mL vs. 1.92 (2.78) ng/mL, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that lower serum kisspeptin-10 levels (P = 0.030) and higher body mass index (P = 0.004) were independently associated with spontaneous abortion.

Conclusion: Lower first-trimester serum kisspeptin-10 levels are associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in pregnancies with confirmed fetal cardiac activity. Kisspeptin-10 may serve as a supplementary biomarker for early pregnancy risk stratification.

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