Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia (fibrous dysplasia and massive cartilaginous differentiation): Case report and literature review

Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia

Authors

Keywords:

Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia, Fibrous dysplasia and massive fibrocartilaginous differentiation, Fibrous dysplasia, Fibrochondroplasia, Enchondral ossification, Chondrosarcoma

Abstract

Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia (fibrous dysplasia and massive cartilaginous differentiation or fibrochondroplasia, FCD) is a rare variant of fibrous dysplasia and a term used for cases of fibrous dysplasia with prominent cartilage tissue. A limited number of FCD cases have been reported in the literature, which can be seen in both clinical forms.

A 16-year-old male patient, who had been followed for ten years with a diagnosis of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia in the left hip and cranium, presented with pain in the left leg after a fall. A subtrochanteric pathological fracture in the left femur was detected on exam, the lesion area was curetted, and osteotomy and fixation were applied. Microscopic assessment revealed a fibro-osseous lesion of benign spindle cell fibrous connective tissue with woven bone trabeculae, without osteoblastic rim or large areas of benign cartilage nodules. The final diagnosis was fibrocartilaginous dysplasia. In our literature review, 26 cases of FCD were reported so far. Age distribution of patients ranged from 4 to 53 years (mean 15.9) and the male / female ratio was 15/11 = 1.36. Eighteen cases were monostotic, and 8 were polyostotic. In cases with noted clinical and follow-up data, symptom duration ranged from 8 weeks to 18 years (mean 62.2 months), with no recurrence or malignant transformation in a mean follow-up of 21.71 (2-60) months post-treatment. In the cartilage component, there was increased cellularity, some nuclear atypia, binucleation, and myxoid degeneration. This situation simulates benign and malignant entities such as enchondroma, fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma, well-differentiated intramedullary osteosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma with a differential diagnosis. FCD is a benign and very rare lesion with a prominent chondroid component, but may cause difficulty with differential diagnosis. Awareness of the histopathological and radiological features of FCD cases, their age range, and involvement areas provides an approach to distinguish them from lesions that may be confusing in a differential diagnosis.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Czerniak B. Dorfman and Czerniak's Bone Tumors: Elsevier; 2016. 570-628 p.

Board WCoTE. Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2020. 472-4 p.

Dorfman HD. New knowledge of fibro-osseous lesions of bone. Int J Surg Pathol. 2010;18(3 Suppl):62-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1066896910369924

Hermann G, Klein M, Abdelwahab I, Kenan S. Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia. Skeletal radiology. 1996;25(5):509-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s002560050126

Drolshagen LF, Reynolds W, Marcus N. Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia of bone. Radiology. 1985;156(1):32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.156.1.4001418

Ishida T, Dorfman HD. Massive chondroid differentiation in fibrous dysplasia of bone (fibrocartilaginous dysplasia). The American journal of surgical pathology. 1993;17(9):924-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00000478-199309000-00009

Pelzmann KS, Nagel DZ, Salyer WR. Case report 114. Skeletal Radiology. 1980;5(2):116-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00347333

Kyriakos M, McDonald DJ, Sundaram M. Fibrous dysplasia with cartilaginous differentiation (“fibrocartilaginous dysplasia”): a review, with an illustrative case followed for 18 years. Skeletal radiology. 2004;33(1):51-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-003-0718-x

Vaishya R, Agarwal A, Gupta N, et al. Fibrocartilaginous Dysplasia of the Bone: A Rare Variant of Fibrous Dysplasia. Cureus. 2016 January 05;8(1):e448. doi: 10.7759/cureus.448 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.448

Morioka H, Kamata Y, Nishimoto K, Susa M, Kikuta K, Horiuchi K, et al. Fibrous dysplasia with massive cartilaginous differentiation (fibrocartilaginous dysplasia) in the proximal femur: a case report and review of the literature. Case reports in oncology. 2016;9(1):126-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000443476

Kaliyath S, Kishan Prasad H, Sajjan N, Mathias L, Shetty K, Rao C. Fibrocartilagenous dysplasia: A rare variant of fibrous dysplasia. Journal of Orthopaedics and Allied Sciences. 2015;3(1):37-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2319-2585.155925

Henderson ER, Monforte H, Neustadt JB. Fibrocartilaginous Dysplasia of the Proximal Part of the Femur with a Pathological Fracture in a Child: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connector. 2014;4(4):e90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.CC.M.00254

Monappa, V., & Kudva, R. (2008). Multifocal fibrous dysplasia with enchondroma-like areas: Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia. The Internet Journal of Pathology, 7(2), 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5580/119

Vargas-Gonzalez R, Sanchez-Sosa S. Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia (fibrous dysplasia with extensive cartilaginous differentiation). Pathology & Oncology Research. 2006;12(2):111-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02893455

Muezzinoglu B, Oztop F. Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia: a variant of fibrous dysplasia. Malaysian Journal of Pathology. 2001;23(1):35-40.

Bian Z, Lyu X, Guo Y, Zhu Z, Feng C, Yang J, et al. Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia of the distal femur. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B. 2020;29(5):466-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/BPB.0000000000000742

Hakar MH, Chapman CM, Hansford BG, Davis JL. Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia With Extensive Cartilaginous Differentiation: A Rare Case Clinically Mimicking Ollier Disease. AJSP: Reviews & Reports. 2021;26(1):73-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PCR.0000000000000427

Gambarotti M, Righi A, Vanel D, Cocchi S, Benini S, Elli FM, et al. Fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma of bone: a single-institution experience with molecular investigations and a review of the literature. Histopathology. 2017;71(1):134-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/his.13201

Carter JM, Inwards CY, Jin L, Evers B, Wenger DE, Oliveira AM, et al. Activating GNAS mutations in parosteal osteosarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2014;38(3):402-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0000000000000144

Kishan Prasad H. Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia: A rare but distinct entity. Medical Journal of Dr DY Patil University. 2017;10(5):503-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/MJDRDYPU.MJDRDYPU_31_17

Downloads

Published

2022-06-30

Issue

Section

Case Report

How to Cite

1.
Yılmaz F, Canaz F, Yılmaz E, İnan U. Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia (fibrous dysplasia and massive cartilaginous differentiation): Case report and literature review: Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia. J Surg Med [Internet]. 2022 Jun. 30 [cited 2024 Oct. 12];6(6):643-6. Available from: https://jsurgmed.com/article/view/974748