Evaluation of inflammatory markers in pregnancies with hyperemesis gravidarum: Inflammatory markers in pregnancies with hyperemesis gravidarum

Zehra Dilara Arslan; Aysun Tekeli̇ Taşkömür

doi:10.28982/josam.8479

Authors

Zehra Dilara Arslan Amasya University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Amasya, Turkey https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3115-5472
Aysun Tekeli̇ Taşkömür Amasya Private Kolmed Hospital, Amasya, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7839-6963

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.8479

Keywords:

Hyperemesis gravidarum, procalcitonin, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio

Abstract

Background/Aim: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a severe clinical condition characterized by intractable nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, yet its exact etiology remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the association between HG and the inflammatory markers procalcitonin (PCT), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) to better understand the role of systemic inflammation in the disorder.

Methods: This prospective controlled study included 82 pregnant women diagnosed with HG and 82 healthy pregnant controls. Demographic data, serum PCT levels, NLR, PLR, and obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups. Additionally, patients in the HG group were analyzed according to the severity of ketonuria.

Results: No significant differences were observed in demographic characteristics between the groups. The HG group demonstrated significantly higher PCT and PLR levels than the control group (P<0.001 and P=0.013, respectively). Regarding obstetric and neonatal outcomes, both infant birth weight and first-minute Apgar scores were significantly lower in the HG group (P=0.013 and P=0.043, respectively). Within the HG group, patients exhibiting +3 urinary ketones had significantly higher PCT and PLR values compared to those with lower ketone levels (P<0.001 and P=0.041, respectively). No significant differences were found in other obstetric and neonatal parameters.

Conclusion: The elevation of PCT and PLR in pregnant women with HG suggests a potential involvement of systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of the disorder. This inflammatory response may be associated with disease severity and contribute to adverse neonatal outcomes, such as reduced birth weight and lower first-minute Apgar scores.

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