Neurobiological and behavioral correlates of excessive social media use in adolescents: Impact of social media use on adolescents

Daniel Ogun

doi:10.28982/josam.8211

Authors

Daniel Ogun College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3084-9974

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.8211

Keywords:

Social Media, Addiction, Depression, Sleep Deprivation, Mental Health, Teenagers.

Abstract

Background/Aim: Millions of teenagers around the world spend more time engaged with their social media accounts than ever before. This situation raises questions about the impact of social media on mental health. This systematic literature review explores the relationships among extreme social media use and addiction, depression, and sleep deprivation.

Methods: A thematic analysis of 38 peer-reviewed studies, all published between 2010 and 2024, was conducted. The selection of studies was based on their significance and relevance to teenage mental health, namely, neurobiological, psychological, and behavioral perspectives. The study categorized findings into three primary themes: compulsive digital behaviors (addiction), emotional distress (depression), and disrupted circadian rhythms (sleep deprivation).

Results: Extended social media exposure alters dopamine regulation, reinforcing addictive tendencies similar to substance dependence. Excessive usage correlates with heightened depressive symptoms, exacerbated by social validation pressures and algorithm-driven content cycles. Furthermore, late-night digital engagement contributes to melatonin suppression and chronic sleep debt, impairing cognitive function and emotional stability.

Conclusion: As serious mental health issues stemming from excessive social media content haunt society, it is essential to initiate effective coping strategies. Given the insights from the present study, the need for an awareness campaign, structured daily usage, and more neuroscientific studies to reduce the long-term impact of social media on adolescent well-being is acute.

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