Clinicopathological assessment in orchiectomy materials

Abstract

Aim: Orchiectomy indicates excising the testicles unilaterally or bilaterally. The causes of excision include primary etiologies such as torsion/infarction, infection, malignancy, cryptorchidism, and therapeutic castration secondary to prostate cancer. The aim of this study is to determine the clinicopathological characteristics of patients undergoing orchiectomy and obtain regional data. Methods: In this study, 316 orchiectomy specimen reports, stored in the archive of University of Health Science Turkey, Mehmet Akif İnan Training and Research Hospital, Pathology Laboratory between January 2015 and December 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Histopathological diagnoses, right-left testicular localization, age range of patients and orchiectomy indication data were analyzed. Results: While the ages of 316 patients included in the study ranged from 1 to 88 years, the mean age was 26 years. Among the orchiectomy materials, undescended testis was the most common cause with 129 (40.8%) cases. Three hundred (94.9%) cases underwent unilateral and 16 (5.1%) cases underwent bilateral orchiectomy. Orchiectomy was performed in 58 cases aged between 14-68 years (mean age: 33 years), with a pre-diagnosis of a mass. Tumor sizes ranged from 0.4 cm to 16 cm. The average tumor size was 5.1 cm. Histopathologically, 51 (87.9%) cases were diagnosed with germ cell tumor. The most common diagnosis among germ cell tumors was classical seminomas (n=23 (45.1%)). Conclusion: Testicular orchiectomy surgery can be performed at any age depending on many different indications. Diagnoses vary from benign to malignant. Multiple sampling should be done to show the presence of GCNIS, which was highlighted in the last WHO 2016 classification, in testicular tumors, especially when diagnosing malignancy. Factors determining the prognosis such as lymphovascular invasion, rete testis invasion, and tumor size must be specified in the report.