Evaluation of pediatric renal transplant recipients admitted to the intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort study: Pediatric renal transplant recipients and intensive care unit

Fatma İrem Yeşiler; Deniz Kaya; Helin Şahintürk; Ender Gedik; Sıdıka Esra Baskın; Pınar Zeyneloğlu; Mehmet Haberal

doi:10.28982/josam.7575

Authors

Fatma İrem Yeşiler Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Unit, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0612-8481
Deniz Kaya Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Unit, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9762-042X
Helin Şahintürk Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Unit, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0159-4771
Ender Gedik Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Unit, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-207X
Sıdıka Esra Baskın Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4361-8508
Pınar Zeyneloğlu Baskent University Faculty of Medicine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2312-9942
Mehmet Haberal Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3462-7632

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.7575

Keywords:

end-stage kidney disease, renal transplantation, renal transplant recipient, intensive care unit, pediatric

Abstract

Background/Aim: The best course of treatment for children with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is renal transplantation (RT), but some pediatric RT recipients are admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) post-transplant. In the early and late post-operative phases, clinical data about pediatric RT recipients who are admitted to ICU are available. In this study, we aimed to evaluate demographic features, main reasons, and outcomes of pediatric RT patients admitted to the ICU during the early and late post-operative phases.

Methods: This study was a cohort study. We analyzed the medical records of pediatric RT recipients (<18 years of age) who were admitted to the ICU between May 30, 2011, and October 16, 2021, at our center, retrospectively. Patients ≥18 years of age and those without available data were excluded. We obtained the following data from ICU follow-up records and hospital medical records. The median (minimum-maximum) for continuous variables, frequencies, and percentages for categorical variables were used. The Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. We created graphs using percentages and frequencies to summarize the results.

Results: Nineteen (16.5%) of the 115 pediatric patients who underwent RT were admitted to the ICU during the study period. Thirteen patients (68.4%) were male, and the mean age was 10.2 (4.9) years. Hypertension (21.2%) was the most common comorbidity. Eighteen (94.7%) received transplants from living donors. Cystic-hereditary-congenital disorders (42.1%, n=8) and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (26.3%, n=5) were among the etiologies of ESKD. Ten patients (52.6%) were admitted to the ICU >6 months after transplantation. Epileptic seizure (n=6, 31.6%), respiratory failure (n=4, 21.1%), and cardiac diseases (n=2, 10.5%) were among the main reasons for ICU admission. During ICU follow-up, invasive mechanical ventilation was needed for five patients (26.3%), and renal replacement treatment was needed for four patients (21.1%). The mean length of ICU was 12.4 (28.5), and the mean hospital stay was 25.8 (29.4) days. The ICU and hospital survival rates were 78.9% and 97%, respectively, while 3.5% was the hospital mortality rate. Hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease, acute hepatic failure, and cardiogenic shock secondary to pericardiocentesis were the causes of death in the ICU.

Conclusion: Patients mostly had ICU admissions because of epileptic seizures and acute respiratory failure. A multidisciplinary approach involving pediatric nephrologists, transplant surgeons, and an intensive care team successfully manages pediatric RT recipients admitted to the intensive care unit.

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Author Biography

Pınar Zeyneloğlu, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine

¹Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Unit, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

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